The matrix of the hard alloy consists of two parts: one is the hardening phase; the other is a bonding metal.

The hardening phase is the carbide of the transitional metal in the element cycle table, such as tungsten carbide, titanium carbide, and carbide carbide. Their hardness is very high. The melting point is above 2000 ° C, and some even exceed 4000 ° C. In addition, the transitional metal nitride, boron, and siliconized also have similar characteristics, and can also be used as a hardened phase in the hard alloy. The existence of hardening phases determines that the alloy has extremely high hardness and abrasion resistance.